A sparking device of known frequency (60 Hz) passes each spark from an outer wire through a conducting metal ring on the object, through a waxed recording tape, and on to a second wire to complete the circuit. When the switch to the coils of the electromagnet is opened, the magnet can no longer hold the object, and it falls freely into a cup below. The free-fall apparatus has an electromagnet to hold the object until the record of its fall is to be made. In this experiment the acceleration of gravity, g, will be determined directly from the motion of a freely falling object using equations 3 and 4. Where v2 and v1 are the average velocities over any two successive time intervals t. If equal time intervals t are used then the acceleration can be expressed as If the object accelerates uniformly as a result of the application of a constant force such as gravity, the acceleration can be found as the rate of change of the velocities over successive intervals of time. Where s is the distance traveled in time t and vavg is the average velocity for the time interval t. One way to describe the motion of an object is with the relationship For relatively small, smooth objects of considerable density, however, the error introduced by conducting such experiments in the atmosphere is quite small.įor the description of the motion of an object, the variables distance, velocity, acceleration and time are involved. Strictly speaking, free-fall experiments must be conducted in a vacuum so that the force of air resistance does not affect the results. Is the same for all objects and is known as the gravitational acceleration "g". Galileo is credited with discovering that the force of gravity is the cause of weight and that all bodies, regardless of their mass, are accelerated by the force of gravity at the same rate. Where F represents force, a is the acceleration, and m is the mass of the object.Īristotle and other ancient philosophers reasoned (mistakenly) that the heavier a body is, the faster it should fall. In this part the motion sensor will be mounted to the ceiling, so the +x axis points downward, with origin at the sensor.īest fit parabola has coefficients A= 4.908452950558197 B= -13.531 136021 872824 C= 9.714826406926377 fit coefficients are A 908452950558197 + 0.04184153373404676 m/s^2 B -13.531136021872824 + 0.011973187186548296 m/s 9.714826406926377 + 0.00829714950051 9924 m measured value of g = 9.81 + 9.81 m/s^2 = 14 raw data best fit parabola 12 position (m) 0.8 0.6 0.Freefall Uniformly Accelerated Motion The Freely Falling ObjectĪn object that is acted upon by a force which is constant in magnitude and direction will be accelerated with constant acceleration in the direction of the force. The kinematic equations in the first part apply, with a = g = 9.81 m/s2 (assuming down is the positive direction). experimentally measure the acceleration due to gravity, g Equipment: Vernier interface and motion detector, ball Theory: Free-fall motion near the Earth's surface is an example of motion with constant acceleration.
fit a function to position data to find free-fall acceleration.to explore the graphs of motion during free-fall.Transcribed image text: Part 2: Free-fall Acceleration Objectives:
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